Holden Australia Essay Example for Free

Holden Australia Essay 1. Management Decision Problem 1.1 Background Holden is an Australian company which is manufacturing and supply of cars, engines and auto parts. With the vehicle market in good times, the sales of Holden continued to drop even though it received a massive financial supplement of approximately $150 million a year from the Australian government (Coorey, 2013). Moreover, Martin (2013) states that the VF model as a new product cannot alleviate the crisis in the market and influence Holden’s decline 12.5% in 2012 (Appendix 1). In 2013, Holden manufacturing plants suddenly announced that it will cease its production line in Australia in 2017. The main reason is that Holden doesnt have a definite understanding of the consumer preferences and purchase intentions. These problems resulted in the company facing difficulty with their business operation. 1.2 Decision Makers Key Goal Holden should improve their innovation of products to increase their sales volume. 1.3 Management Decision Problem Should Holden is new product be changed? 1.4 Rationale Research Problem The new product of Holden has problems that are different from the real demand of the customer. Successful industrial innovation has three critical factors which are technology push, demand pull, and integrated model (Rothwell, 1992, p. 221).Holdens innovation developments not only dominate product line but also influence on product sale result. When Holden develops new products, it is not based on the customer feedback instead according to the companys product categories and competitors developed product. It leads to setting a vague plan to develop products. As a consequence, some customers may not purchase the innovation vehicle because the products are not needed. 2. Marketing Research Problem 2.1 Marketing Research Problem statement To determine consumer preferences and purchase intentions for the proposed. 2.2 Rationale Research Problem According to Holden Australia, the outlook of vehicles market is positive, but its market share is in decline, some scholars think that Holden is  inability to build quality in innovation may be the main problem that will influence its market share and change consumer purchase behavior. Therefore, Holden should maintain its competitive advantage through decreasing product life cycles, building quality in innovation and investigating perceptions held by Australia customers. Additionally, Holden can identify different variables which may change consumer decision making based on the MRP in order to increase market share and develop new product. 3. Research Objective Problem 3.1 Research objective one To rank how Holden Australia introduces new attractive offers for the customers to increase the sales of the product. (RO1) 3.2 Research objective two To assess Holden Australias new product to satisfy the different customers’ needs. (RO2) 3.3 Research objective three To identify Holden Australia needs to supply target group planning to vehicle market. (RO3) 4. Repertory Test The repertory test is one of the research objectives. It is through the structured qualitative interview (normally one-on-one) that is used to identify the interviewees opinion to the test topic and it is trustworthy. Repertory test also known as Kelly’s Triads or Triad sorts (Wilson, A. M., 2006). In todays society, repertory test analysis is one of the popular techniques for estimating research targets and it is a common method to generate constructs through some targets and participants (Pike, 2005). Furthermore, the repertory test has other benefits which are help researchers to understand the opinion of the respondents more conveniently and effectively and distinguished the detail could be more identify etc.. However, the repertory test also has a couple of disadvantages including taking more time for analysis and lack of standard of test. In this case, Repertory test can be used in research to identify how Holden attracts customers to purchase. There are two key points t o help Holden attract clients. First of all, the repertory test will be used on the Ro1. The company can use this test to understand the clients psychological state. According to appendix 2, car customers ranking shows Holdens score is -3%. In contrast, Japanese cars with a positive score come out top. Holden really  need to understand the Australian consumer buying behavior or psychological motivations, and which marketing method is the most attractive to Australian consumer. Secondly, it can also use this test on the Ro2. The aim of RO2 is to satisfy the customer different needs, so the test can be used to identify what the customers’ real demand about the existing car or new product is. For example, quality and safety are important factors for Australia consumers buying a new car (Appendix 3). Therefore, Holden can analyze the competitive strengths and weaknesses, and then improve their products. This will improve their sale status. 5. Focus Group The focus group is the mostly widely used in qualitative tools. A focus group discussion is to collect data through a group (8 to 10 participants) interaction and a moderator. The main objective of a focus group is to get in depth answers of consumers, and understand consumer attitudes and behavior on its products (Warren, C. A. B., Karner, T. X., 2010). The group participants are selected carefully and discussions based on their experiences and views. In addition, researchers or clients can use one –way mirrors to observe participants’ opinions and behaviors. Moreover, focus groups can be an early stage to reduce problem as a filter. The advantages of focus groups are freedom, comfortable, high involvement, and commonality experience. For example, if participants have similar experiences and attitudes as others, they will have higher willingness to discuss the topic with other group members. Therefore, researchers not only can involve participants efficiently, but als o can stimulate discussion of the topic. However, there still are some disadvantages of focus groups, including misuse, misjudge, moderation, messy and misrepresentation. For example, when participants have difficulties in presenting their opinions it will cause the discussion to fail. In this case, the focus groups can be used for research objective three. Researchers of Holden Australia should make up a target group in order to investigate consumer attitudes and behaviors. The main goal is to increase Holden’s market share through consumer trends. There are three main topics to increase market share and maintain competitive advantages. Firstly, Holden should build quality in its new product in order to satisfy consumer demands. For example, safety is very  important for majority consumer (Appendix 3). The second topic is to focus on price, when consumers who focus on cost will change their purchase behavior (Ahmed, M., Zaman, F. Irfan ,M. S., 2013). For example, Holden can provide promotional program to attract consumers. The last one is that Holden’ sales services are a very important stage to increasing costumer’s willingnes s to purchase again. Reference Colquhoun, S. Blackbur, B. (2010, August 3). Ford, Holden fail satisfaction survey. Drive. Retrieved from http://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/ford-holden-fail-satisfaction-survey-20100803-114hk.html Coorey, P. (2013, December 11). Government’s treatment of Holden was bizarre. Financial Review. Retrieved from http://www.afr.com/p/national/government_treatment_of_holden_was_QwElLu2O3lse6cNIradzzI Martin, T. (2013, November 8). Market Insight: Holden hopes rise with VF sales. Market Insight company news. Retrieved from http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/34C9E821132DC201CA257C1D0005E329#!prettyPhoto Masoom Ahmed, Fazluz Zaman, Munshi Shamsuzzaman Irfan. (2013). Consumers brand choice behavior for car. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(5), 198 Pike, S. (2005). The use of repertory grid analysis and importance-performance analysis to identify determinant attributes of universities. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 14( 2), 1-18. Rothwell, R. (1992). Successful industrial innovation: Critical factors for the 1990s. RD Management, 22(3), 221-240. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1992.tb00812.x Warren, C. A. B., Karner, T. X. (2010). Discovering qualitative methods: Field research, interviews, and analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilson, A. M. (2006). Marketing research: An integrated approach. New York: Prentice Hall/Financial Times.

Emilia’s Perspective on Betrayal in Relationships in Shakespeare’s Othe

Emilia’s Perspective on Betrayal in Relationships in Shakespeare’s Othello In Othello, Act IV, scene ii and iii, Emilia, Iago’s wife, reveals her opinion about relationships to the reader as she attempts to comfort Desdemona. She indefinitely believes that many men, as well as women, are frequently guilty of deception and betrayal of their partner. By this part of the play, Othello’s suspicions of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness have greatly increased, and he begins to accuse her of cheating on him. When Desdemona persistently denies his accusations, Othello becomes enraged. He sarcastically asks for her pardon and claims that he took her to be the â€Å"cunning whore of Venice† (Act IV, scene ii, line 88). Desdemona is heartbroken by her husband’s mockery and seeks Emilia’s kind words. Emilia insists that female innocence and chastity is overrated when Desdemona scolds herself for her unworthiness of Othello. Emilia subtly suggests that Desdemona should leave Othello and seek happiness elsewhere. Emilia states in Act IV, scene iii, lines 83-85, â€Å"...’tis a wrong in your own world, and ...

Hardware and software Requirements Essay

Floppy disk: The standard 3 1/2†³ floppy disk is a thin, flexible plastic disk coated in metal oxide, enclosed in a rigid plastic casing for protection. A standard high density disk has a storage space of 1. 44 Megabytes.   Hard Disks: The hard disk used with conventional PCs consists of one or more disk platters, which are permanently sealed inside a casing. Hard disks have a capacity of between 2Gb and 10Gb, though external hard drives can be plugged into the computer to provide extra storage space. For large-scale applications storing huge amounts of data, more hard disks would be used. The disks can be fixed or removable, although the fixed disks are more reliable and have more storage capacity. Data is stored on the concentric tracks, which are divided into sectors. Data is then stored in one of the sectors so that it minimises the movement of the read-write heads, thereby minimising access time.   CD-ROM: CD-ROMs can store around 680Mb of data, which is the equivalent of hundreds of floppy disks. CD-ROMs do not transfer data as quickly as the hard disk drive. As the name suggests the disks are read-only memory. Unlike a magnetic disk they are created by burning tiny holes into the surface of the disk, a laser beam is then reflected off the surface of the disk, detecting the presence or absence of pits, which represent the binary digits. Worm disks (Write Once, Read Many): These look very similar to the CD-ROM in appearance but are gold rather than silver in colour. These disks can be used to write your own material and are ideal for archiving or storing images or data, which will not be changed. They are popular in the pirate industry because a i 5 blank disk can store upto i 20 000 worth of software and sell for i50 – i 80. They are used by less reputable PC company’s which install the software onto the PC so they can charge the consumer more for the package. However because of the competition in the pirate industry at present many of these carry viruses which can cause chaos on the hard drive.   Magneto-optical disks: Magneto-optical disks integrate optical and laser technology to enable read and write storage. A 5 1/2†³ disk can store up to 1 Gb. These disks may in future replace current magnetic disks, but at present the technology is still developing and the disks are too expensive, slow and unreliable to be in widespread use. Magnetic tape: Magnetic tape was developed in the 1950s and very quickly became the primary means of storing data. The data is stored on magnetic tape in the form of dots of magnetism. It is used widely for archiving past transactions or other data that may be needed again, for example, old news readings that have been collected over a number of years.   Jaz Drive: Two Gigabytes is a tape drive and a mass storage device mainly used for backing up large files or batches of files i. e. end of day transaction backup for banks or businesses. Software requirements and techniques Software is the name given to the programs that direct the operation of the computer. It can be divided into two main groups, system software and applications software. System software is the programs required to run the computer system and applications software is the programs required to carry out a particular application such as stock control Systems software This is the software that the microcomputer system needs to run. In this group there are three divisions: operating systems, utilities and compilers/interpreters/assemblers. Operating systems: An operating system is a set of programs that allows the user to perform tasks without having to know how they are done. For example, a user can give a command to save a file on disk without having to know where the file will be stored or how it will be retrieved again. Applications programs are usually written to work with a particular operating system e. g. Excel will only work with Windows and not with Apple Mac, which has a different operating system. Utility programs: Utility programs perform common tasks that every computer user will need at one stage or another. They carry out such jobs as formatting and copying disks, deleting files from disks, sorting information into a required order, and to help with the testing of programs that have been written. Compilers, interpreters and assemblers: These are programs that translate the programming language that is used into a form that the computer can understand. Compilers work by translating the whole of the program from what is known as the source program into the object program which will be in a form that the computer can understand. Interpreters are programs that translate and execute source programs one statement at a time. An assembler is a program supplied by the computer manufacturer that will translate a program that was written in assembly language (low-level programming language) into machine code. Applications software: In large organisations that have a mainframe or minicomputer we would find that programmers were employed whose job it would be to write the programs for the applications that the organisation wished to have run on the computer, such as payroll, stock control or hospital appointments. The software may be designed specifically for one particular company and written especially for them using a programming language or software such as database management system. Alternatively, the software may be purchased ‘off the shelf’. General purpose software: Most general purpose software is sold as a package, including a CD containing the software. Below is the most common packages that you would find on the market to date: 1. Applications: spreadsheets, database, word processing, Desk Top Publishing 2. Presentation: CD based presentations (Power Point, Director) 3. Internet Publishing: web page development software (Front Page, Dreamweaver, Flash) 4. Programming Software: BASIC, Visual Basic, C++, Java, Pascal, HTML 5. Creation and Editing: Photo Shop, Paint Shop Pro, Premier, Coral Draw 6. Utility: Anti-virus, tidy and compression, Doctors. The newer computer systems will have these utilities on them already. Software such as word processing, spreadsheet and databases is sometimes refereed to as generic software. This means that many of the packages can be made to do many different tasks, and is not specifically for one type of application. The other types of application software such as stock control and payroll as mentioned before are special purpose because they have been designed to complete one particular task. Conclusion: I found this assignment very interesting and now feel I have a much sounder understanding off computer hardware and software. I would have liked to incorporate more images into the assignment as reference to each of the products described, but was unable to find all of the images that I required, and also had problems trying to transfer them from the internet. Apart from this I feel quite satisfied with the overall assignment and hope that I have entered all the data needed and presented it in a clear fashion. Bibliography Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom: Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), ‘A’ Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd References Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom: Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), ‘A’ Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd.

Evaluation Of Mortgages Provided By Is Bank London - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2928 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Aim : To analyse the effectiveness of mortgages plans which play on the economy of Turkey and foreign investments. Objectives : To evaluate the literature related with the theories of mortgage plans and strategies. To evaluate the current mortgage policies implemented by the bank for non- Turkish residents. To do a comparative analysis on mortgages policies for non- Turkish residents by other banks. To evaluate the Conclusions and Recommendations in regards of the mortgages policies by Is Bank London to non- Turkish residents. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluation Of Mortgages Provided By Is Bank London" essay for you Create order 2.Abstract This dissertation analyses the effectiveness of mortgage plans which will help foreign residents to acquire property in Turkey. The project will analyse its advantages and disadvantages and its over all benefits to the economy of Turkey. Foreign investments can play an important role in boasting up Turkey`s economy. As Turkey as a nation progresses stably both in terms of economics and to emerge politically and economically, there is ever increasing advantage to profit from property in Turkey. There are various ways with which investment can be done in Turkey; an investor has a choice of location, a choice of investment approach, a choice of target market and certainly an unrivalled choice of property assets. I am particularly interested in planning this project because it will make people realise in London about investing in Turkey can reap of benefits to them as well as will help me to acquire knowledge of this business and will add up to my portfolio. 3.The globalisation of property markets Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, property markets in many major urban regions world-wide have became increasingly internationalised. This has been more evident in what regard commercial property markets, and towards the end of the 1980s, especially offices and some sub-sectors of the retail market. In many cities transnational business organisations have become the main end-users of prime commercial property, a greater part of which produced with the involvement of international developers and contractors. Moreover, ownership of prime property has become part of transnational asset portfolios, as investors seek to benefit from the asynchronies of property and business cycles within and across national economies (Sieracki 1993, Vos 1993). The links between the internationalisation of property markets and the progressive globalisation of the economy over the last two decades has been sufficiently demonstrated. The global dimension of many business concerns means that their demand for suitable property spreads over many countries, whereas globally- integrated management systems mean that the demand created by those users has a truly global character and requires an equal response. Perhaps more importantly, the formation of a transnational market for property has been also linked to the deregulation and globalisation of financial markets in the 1980s (Coakley 1994, Ball 1994). Ref: NA. (1999). global players and local markets. The European Expansion of British Property Consultants and the Transformation of Local Property Markets. 10 (3), 10. https://www.nubricks.com/archives/413/property-investment-turkey/ 4.BACKGROUND OF ISBANK Although being a first public bank, Is bank is the biggest private bank in Turkey at the moment. It is ranked by FT (financial times) survey as 102nd in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Top 1000 World Banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 2008. The bank gives the largest service in Turkey and has 22,473 employees with 1,078 domestic and 27 overseas branches: that 1 is in London, 12 of them are in Germany, 9 branches in Northern Cyprus, 2 in the Netherlands, 1 in France, 1 in Bahrain and 1 branch is in Switzerland. Also it has one representative office in China. It is the first bank that introduced ATM machines to Turkey as a Bankamatik, in 1982. There are several business aims which carry out by financial participations such as investment banking, portfolio management and also leasing private pension. As well as increasing its success, Isbank targets to deliver good quality of product and service. In addition, Isbank has an important role to improve the industrial sector in Turkey which also has a cont ribution portfolio includes most important companies in a variety of business positions. https://www.isbank.co.uk/introduction.html 5.LITERATURE VIEW According to Onur and Cem, Turkey is in the top 20 largest economies in the world it still lacks coherency in it housing finance system. Recently there has been an increased acknowledgement in both the private and public sector for the need to initiate and develop a better system that not only meets the requirements of the economy but also improves and helps expand its economy in similar ways to which European countries have successful done. However Turkey did act quickly to stem the costs it incurred to date due to the lack of such a system. Ref: Housing finance in Turkey, By Onur Ozsan, Oyak Konut and Cem Karakas, 2005 Real estate researches Liam Bailey and Nicolas Barnes of Knight Frank wrote in the Financial Times that Turkeys established and higher value housing markets are worthy of buying or for the serious investor in 2009. The article highlights particular areas of where to invest in property despite property prices surging ahead along with other desirable countries and that the fundamentals like property market infrastructure, accessibility and amenities along with the countries prospects for economic growth all add favourably to the country. They state that the falling global house price situation may be the time to buy. Governments in developing countries now realise that to have a well organised and fully functioning financial system supporting the domestic housing market can be a key component in in funnelling capital into the housing market. This can enable the development of mortgage markets which then begin to tailor products for lower income families and so help to alleviate housing poverty. Ref: The study of mortgage markets in developing economics is receiving increasing academic attention(Lea 1994). There are a number a number of factors leading to differences in the overall size and economic significance of mortgages. These factors include differences in the size and quality of the housing, proportions of owner occupier pr operties against rental properties along with the range of mortgage products available. The domestic legal framework may or may not limit the housing market. In addition to these specific factors, more general factors like the general economic environment and history of the countrys housing market and it financial system as a perception by the population all influence the situation. Lea (2000) describes an evolutionary path for housing financial systems. This usually begins with an informal lending system which over time becomes more formalised leading to the creation of specialized financial institutions. These institutions can be mutual organisations owned by the shareholders or organisations backed by governments in the form of agencies. The end product of the evolutionary path leads to market secularisation and the housing finance system becoming integrated into other financial systems and markets. The different stages of the economy will influence the level of the housing sy stem and so producing significant differences in the system including mortgage designs. Economics of the Mortgage Market: Perspectives on household decision making Leece D,Blackwell Publiching 2004 UK According to Sandes (2005) international mortgage market development varies significantly across countries. These variations are due but not exclusive to factors like the legal system, financial systems and markets, inflation rate and cultural barriers to mortgage markets. In order to develop these markets legal systems need to be modified and the mortgage market created such that affordable products are accessible to the general population. A report published in the European Journal of Social Sciences (2008) stated that between the passing of a new law in Turkey that over six thousand separate overseas possessions connections from January 2006 till July 2006 end were completed which takes the total number of foreign owned properties in Turkey to over 62,500. European Jo urnal of Social Sciences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Volume 7, Number 1(2008) As per the report on properties in Turkey ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s been confirmed that after passing of the new law implemented in month of January-July end 2006, there were six thousand separate overseas possessions transactions which was finalised after taking into consideration total possession owned by the foreign nationals in turkey to fit in the .surplus of sixty two thousand five hundred only. Generally mortgages in the UK are better for people looking to borrow relatively small amounts of money and repaying this from a UK income level. The Report: Turkey 2008, Oxford Business Group.(Page 65) 5.Research METHODOLOGY Research methods required for this research will include a combination of both external research methods primary as well as secondary research. Primary research refers to the research which involves collection of original data using an accepted research method from research participants. Primary data is generally that which is collected specifically in pursuit of particular research objectives. It is new and original data which is being used to solve the specific research problem. For this research study, author has chosen to perform primary research with the help of interviewing ISbank official in order to collect data. Secondary Research is an activity whereby no original data is collected, but where the research project draws on existing (secondary) sources alone. Any research activity usually includes secondary research. Secondary data is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the restà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" books, statistical reports from government and other agencies, document s and so on. Secondary data is often used to solve marketing problems quickly and economically without resorting to more expensive and time consuming primary data. Primary data can be obtained by: Survey: Survey will be designed to collect primary data from a sample, with a view to analyzing them statistically and generalizing the results to a population. Surveys are written instruments that ask a series of predetermined questions. In order to identify the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s state of mind, it would be better to question the consumers directly through the use of a survey. A survey is required for the accomplishment of the set objectives. The survey will help to gain insights from the cases in the sample. Surveys can be administered in several ways including in person, over the phone, by mail or online. Various methods that will be used to collect research data for the research are listed below. The methods are: Telephone interview: This is a widely used method that will be employed. It is helpful for asking sensitive and complex questions. In this method a long questionnaire can be used for getting quality research data. This will help get people who are available o ver phone. Advantages: The main advantage of telephone interviewing, from the researchers point of view, is that a number of different people can be reached in a relatively short period of time. It eliminates any discomfort that the respondent feels when facing the interviewer. Most of them are less uncomfortable disclosing personal information over the phone than on a face-to-face interview. Disadvantages: A main disadvantage of telephone interviewing is that the respondent could terminate the interview without any initial warning. There is a problem of non-response due to the caller ID problem. Respondents will detect the number and wont respond to the call. This can be prevented by setting up a mutually agreed time Online Questionnaires: Using web based tools a survey can be done to retrieve data from potential respondents. The data obtained can be easily exported to analysis software like Excel for further analysis. It is currently the most widely used survey method. Advantages: It is easy to administer. The respondents can be reached globally. It is a very inexpensive method of survey. It is the most fast delivery medium. Respondents can answer the questionnaires at their convenience like the mail questionnaires. Disadvantages: respondents must be computer literate. Respondents must have access to this online facility. Respondents must be willing to complete the survey. Personal interview: The questionnaire can be presented to respondents wherever they feel convenient. This method is beneficial as it offers high response rates. It is very useful in asking sensitive and complex questions. It is often useful to ask long questionnaire as the interview is conducted in a convenient place of the respondent. Advantages: The main advantage of face-to-face or direct interviews is that the researcher can accommodate the questions as necessary, classify doubts and ensure that the responses are properly understood, by repeating or rephrasing the questions. The researcher can identify nonverbal clues from the respondent. Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of face-to-face interviews is that geographical limitations may impose restrictions on the surveys and the vast resources that would be needed if such surveys need to be done nationally or internationally. Respondents may feel uneasy about their privacy of their responses when they interact face-to-face with the interviewer. Postal Interview: The most commonly used method of distribution which is fairly easy to administer. The questionnaire and the covering letter will be posted to the sample, usually with a prepaid envelope for returning the completed questionnaire. For this medium short questionnaire will be used. Advantages: A wide geographical area can be covered with the use of postal interview. The respondents use their convenience to fill the form at their own pace. Anonymity of respondents is high. Disadvantages: Any doubts that respondents have cannot be clarified. The return rates of mail questionarres are typically low. Follow up procedures for non responses are necessary in postal interviews. Sampling: Survey provides representative information about a group from which sample was drawn. This qualitative research will involve nonrandom sampling or non-probability sampling where everyone in the population will not have an equal chance to be chosen as part of a sample. The non-probability samples provide good estimates of a population characteristic. Target Population: The target population of my sample will include all bank employees of IS bank. The recruitment of individuals for participation will require the selection of individuals who are employees of IS bank. The sample for the research survey will be selected mostly by these methods: Convenience Sampling: This will be used to identify bank employees who are willing and available for the research survey. As most of the bank employees will be working and will not be available for questioning convenience sampling would be a better choice. Snowballing: This sampling method will be used to identify the first participant. Then that first participant will be asked to refer to other participants with similar characteristics. I have used this method to select bank employees and their friends. It is easier to get representatives for research through this method that has same characteristics. Secondary data can be obtained by: Comparative Case studies: I will go through case studies of competitors who are offering mortgage products in the Turkey market. This will help in understanding their strategies and policies. It will also help in understanding about how they achieve their goal. It will also help in identifying the challenges they faced during marketing their products. Comparative Case Studies helps in comparing two industries and understanding their shortfalls. Data analysis methods To analyse the data and get results out of it we have to do data tabulation. We can use mathematical methods for analyses, but once the data is entered into either a spreadsheet or an analysis package like Excel, other possible ways of analysing the data become apparent. We usually begin by attempting to describe particular values, their range, their central tendency, their dispersion around the mean etc.  Ãƒâ€š I will be using many of these methods to conduct data tabulation. Every method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Very simple methods are to analyse the graph and the timelines and then we can move to the complex methods like analyzing the variables. Frequency tables  Ãƒâ€š In this method output show a list of categories (types of response) and the numbers of people responding to each. Sometimes just as a number, sometimes a percentage of the total choosing this response. When building a frequency table for interval variables, categories will usually be grouped (if not the table would probably be too long).  Ãƒâ€š    Bar charts, histograms and pie charts  Ãƒâ€š This method is very important for my research. These are generally used for nominal or ordinal variables, so bars will be separated along the x axis. If using an interval variable, then a histogram would be used rather than a bar chart. It looks very similar but the axis shows a continuous interval range and adjoining à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“barsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? are not separated.  Ãƒâ€š Contingency tables or cross-tabulations We can set up as a frequency table including column percentages but showing both variables against the chosen categories. If one variable is suspected of being the independent variable, this is shown as a column variable not a row variable. Such tables are used to look for patterns of association in the data.  Ãƒâ€š Statistical significance A way of testing the level of confidence we can have that a probability sampling technique has generated results, which can apply to the full population. To calculate statistical significance, we set up a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“null hypothesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? ie that two variables in the sample are not related. Then decide the level of statistical significance we find acceptable, ie the level of risk that we would reject the null hypothesis (ie say the variables are related) when in fact they were not related We should bear in mind that the likelihood of a statistically significant result will increase with sample size à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for the obvious reason that the bigger the sample in relation to the population, the less likely that any analysis on the sample will differ from the population by chance. So if we think there is likely to be low statistical significance, we should increase sample size if possible, to make the analysis more sensitive to statistical significance. Chi Square test  Ãƒâ€š The Chi- square test is also known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"goodness-of-fità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ test when analyzing frequencies of responses in a frequency table using cross tabulation. The chi-square test can be used to determine if there is a statistically valid difference in the relationship of data.