How Far Do You Agree That the 1867 Reform Act Was Sucessfulte Essay Example for Free

How Far Do You Agree That the 1867 Reform Act Was Sucessfulte EssayAddition bothy, the 1867 Reform Act too had a hearty imp modus operandi on the issues that were being addressed by politics. Whereas before, the aristocracy had basic eachy decided what happened in the country, the act meant that issues were being brought to light that had never been discussed properly in public before. This was very important as it not only changed public but it also changed society too.Issues such as the put in surrounding drinking, education and taxation were outright being impacted on by the public actually expressing their feelings about them and this determined that the act had changed entirely how pile viewed politics by shifting their focus from the individuals within politics to the actually semipolitical interests that they represented. For the first time, the act seemed to allow working-class people to feel shady at how they were labelled uneducated within society and how they were blamed for society.It could be said that the Reform Acts most important outcome was encouraging people to now speak up for what they believe in and to create a true democracy by exposing the flaws of the current political system that had kept hidden a system of suppression underneath a pretence of democracy. On the other hand, this outcome can be seen once again to only be attributing more to the argument that the most important outcome of the 1867 Reform Act was that that it had on the political parties.Whilst it did change the people, it also meant that individuals like Gladstone and Disraeli had to develop stronger personalities, more important public speaking and just generally a more recognisable persona to get attention off the people and this changed politics, starting to transform it to what we fill out today with politicians attending school fairs and opening m intentums to get positive publicity.Whilst all of these outcomes were extremely important at the time, per haps the most long-term and recognisable of all of the outcomes was the effect that the 1867 Reform Act did have on the political system and in particular, on the Liberals and Conservatives parties. Source 7 supports this view by introducing us to the intellection of the political machine. The source shows how the Reform Act of 1867 meant that the political parties had to actually properly compete and make, sometimes unrealistic promises, to appeal to voters.It shows how this means that electioneering, the way the parties portrayed themselves and display of issues became much more important as politics became national and rotated around moral issues. Indeed this view does have a lot of lading in an argument. The political parties now were having to tread a careful line and keep a balance between the conflict of alienating the people with subverter political ideas and immediate actions to secure themselves as the strongest political parties.This meant that the Liberals and the Con servatives had to become united and professional. This impact was important as it meant that the political loyalty was created that we can recognise in politics today. Previously, parties had split up and conflicted over issues but following the act, politicians were forced to admit that they had to remain loyal to their own political party in order to get any success within the political circumstances.This outcome is so significant as it created the strong link that still exists today between political parties and the voters. The two different parties had to go to what they saw as extreme lengths to secure voters loyalty and to encourage them to vote. This included the setting up of party clubs and trips to places such as the seaside as rewards for people who promised to vote for a certain political party.In a way, it shows how this outcome was significant in advancing political brass instrument and professionalism yet in other ways it just maintained the old influential schemes t hat politicians used but at last, they had to actually be clever to use these rather than to blatantly bribe and influence people. They could still influence people, just as they had done with the open ballots, but this time they had to do it with rewards and false promises. To a certain extent, this can still be seen to be happening in our political system today.In conclusion, there were many outcomes of the 1867 Reform Act and all of these were significant in their own way. The impact of these can be seen clearly by the fact that they have triggered features of our own political system today, such as strong political personalities for politicians and image-conscious newspapers and magazines. However, these all contributed to allowing the Liberals and the Conservatives parties to change and whilst individually they were significant impacts, the effect that they had on electorate always corresponded with an effect on the political parties.In this way, the most significant outcome of the 1867 Reform Act was the impact that it had on the Liberals and the Conservatives parties yet this would not have been significant or even have occurred independently of the impact that the act on the electorate themselves. This means that whilst we can identify an outcome of the act as the most important, it simply would not have had the effect that it did have without the other outcomes of the act, signification that collectively they are important and making it extremely difficult to label the importance of the outcomes.

Dark Romanticism In The Modern World

Dark romanticism In The Modern WorldThe label Dark Romanticism is dod by people in different contexts to describe gothic novels from the 18th century as well as culture from todays society. Imagination and arcanum are key features in the Dark Romanticism movement. The poem I heard a Fly bombination by Emily Dickinson utilizes both the imaginative and cancel worlds true colors. Like Dickinson uses dark romanticism in her poems, modern day author J.K. Rowling uses ideologies of Dark Romanticism in her series incrust monkey around. Harry Potter uses the conception as a means to show the mysterious nature of leading to discoveries of the true evil in the world.Dark Romanticism authors use resource to elevate our thinking. They use objects with little meaning and give it a whole image. The death in Emily Dickinsons poem I heard a Fly buzz is painless, yet the vision of death presents itself as gruesome. The appearance of an ordinary, insignificant locomote at firstly merely start les and disconcerts us. But by the end of the poem, the drop has acquired dreaded meaning. Being imaginative gives the will to under(a)stand the meaning of the fly. The fly may be insignificant, but the use of beingness imaginative allows there to be deeper meaning. Dickinson uses the fly as a symbol within her poem she describes the fly much thanl role before her death With blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz, Between the clean-living and me (Dickinson 1). The symbol of the fly is the last function that comes between Dickinson and the light. The light representing heaven is in her path, but the fly passes right through. Dickinson develops the humors of death with the use of the simple fly. The usage of the fly buzzing is very deprecative itself within the poem. If Dickinson were to use the symbol too much it would take away from the moment of focusing on death and cause people to think to a greater extent about the fly. The flys buzz is in the text because it is something a p erson would under a normal situation ignore, but when you are dying you become more in touch with your senses. The sense of hearing is genius of the five senses a person will loose as the process of dying comes closer. The tie in between death and the fly buzzing is one that must be looked at closely. The buzzing is not something that the average living person would notice, but under the particular circumstances, even the smallest of details become noticeable as one dies. As the voice in the poem is painting the picture the reader becomes more intoned to the estimate of death through the use the figurative language and symbols, when the voice speaks about the mourners who have gathered, the sound of a fly buzzing and the stop of the window. The mourners watching, eyes beside had wrung them dry (Dickinson 1). Within the poem Dickinson uses figurative language to her full advantage. She uses figurative language to assist her in painting the picture of there being a sad moment in ti me letting the reader use his or her imaginative ways. The usage of the past tense when setting the guesswork where all the people were standing around grieving was done excellent through the choice of words. When using the word wrung it helps to suggest that the grieving is over for now. The idea of a window being closed is very symbolic in this poem of a persons invigoration coming to an end. When the window shuts it cuts off all the light to the persons eyes, and therefore the idea of death is being used. The window in this case may very well not even be a crosspatch window a person would look out, yet instead the lid to the coffin this individual is lying in. Being imaginative is the only way for one to find the deeper meaning behind all the images Emily Dickinson uses. Without being imaginative there is no meaning to the poem at all.I heard a fly buzz shows the natural worlds true colors. Emily Dickinson writes to the reader about what the world holds in her poem. She reveal s how the world should be beguilen. The room is silent except I heard a fly buzz when I died The stillness round my form Was same(p) the stillness in the air Between the heaves of storm (Dickinson 1). There is a moment of expectation. There is stillness in the air, and the watchers of her dying are silent. And still the only sound is the flys buzzing. The speakers tone is calm her narrative is factual. The I heard a Fly buzz poem is a solemn nature, talking about the last moments of ones life and the simple things that may be seen in the last of memories. It first talks of change in ones perception, the stillness, comparing it to the calm in the eye of the storm. Life is so busy that one rarely has the time or the inadequacy to listen to the small things. Her life is slowly coming to an end And breaths were gathering sure or that last onset, when the king Be witnessed in his power (Dickinson 1). Her cellular respiration indicates that the last onset, or death, is about to happen . The last onset is an oxymoron onset means a beginning and last means an end. For Christians in the world, death is the beginning of the undying life. Death brings revelation when God or the nature of eternity becomes known. This is why the king may be God, Christ, or death. The thought and description of the last moments of life and the changes that take place in ones perception are true in the real world. Without them there would be no free thinking or the loyalty in the world would be unseen. The natural worlds true colors need to be reveled in order for there to be life.The world in the series Harry Potter is dark and mysterious. Harry Potters world is filled with mystery in both the muggle world and wizarding world. When Harry was just a baby his parents were killed by Lord Voldemort, the evil dark wizard who plans to take over the wizarding world. With no parents, Harry is sent to the muggle world consisting of non- witching(prenominal) things. Harry Potter is a miserable, lonely boy. Hes shunned by his relatives, the Dursleys, that have raised him since he was an infant. He is forced to live in the cupboard under the stairs, forced to wear his cousin Dudleys hand-me-down clothes, and forced to go to his neighbors house when the rest of the family is doing something fun. Harry is treated like a slave by his Aunt Petunia ordering him to look after the bacon. And dont let it burn, I want everything to be perfect on Duddys birthday (Rowling 19). His life is full of misery. Harrys life has been filled of dark, mysterious things. As Harry enters the wizarding world he learns the account of Voldemort. Voldemort sets out to destroy Harry and take over the world. As Dumbledore tells Harry Voldemort himself created his worst enemy, just as tyrants everywhere do Have you any idea how much tyrants fear the people they oppress? All of them realize that, one day, amongst their many victims, there is sure to be one who rises against them and strikes back (Rowling 5 10). Voldemort may be the dark force, but he does have a fear of defeat. Voldemorts defeat happens at Hogwarts. Hogwarts is the stronghold of the series. The most defining aspects of the school are the magic that fills and surrounds it. It is by far one of the most mystical and fantastical geographic locations in the book. Hogwarts is a mystery itself, full of ghosts, hidden chambers, and secret passages. Hogwarts sometimes takes on a life of its own, when it produces the Room of Requirement, or moves entrances and exits at its will. Although most of the seventh book takes places outside the school, it is here that the final battle between Harry and Lord Voldemort takes places. The culmination of the series, in its entirety, returns to the only home Harry has ever known as well as Voldermort. At Hogwarts, Harry finally defeats Lord Voldemort in a dramatic wizarding duel that results with the demise of the Dark Lord. The Dark Lord that has caused all the terror in the wizarding worl d is finally gone.To create the world of Harry Potter, inclination plays a big role. Rowling is responsible for creating some of the most mind-blowing elements of fantasy found in literature. One of the most enchanting aspects of the novels is the wide variety of wizardly places that Rowling visits with her readers as we follow Harry Potter on his journey to leave the muggle world behind and grow up in the wizarding world. Starting in London, Rowling places Harry at Charing Cross Road, an actual street in London that runs north from Trafalgar Square to St. Giles Circus. In the first novel, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, Hagrid and Harry run short to this particular street to reach the Leaky Cauldron, a pub and inn that is in between a large book store and record shop. At first glance, the twist appears to be relatively normal. As J.K. Rowling states in the first novel Harry had the most peculiar feeling that only he and Hagrid could see it (Rowling 68). It has food and dr inks and rooms that overlook Charing Cross Road. Everything a person top executive expect to find at a normal inn with the exception that the building is invisible to a large portion of those people, specifically muggles. Imperceptible to non- witching(prenominal) individuals, the Leaky Cauldron serves as a magical portal that links the muggle world to the magical one. It is here, at the Leaky Caldron, that Harry Potter gets his first taste of celebrity. Exiting the Leaky Cauldron, Hagrid and Harry find themselves at a brick wall that when tapped on overts to Diagon Alley. Diagon Alley, a magical street of the wizarding world, is hidden within London that can be accessed off of Charing Cross Road, as well as through the Floo Network and Apparition. The journey continues at Kings Cross Station in London. Harry searches amongst the muggles for Platform 9 3/4 and the train that will depart from it. Inquiring as to where he might find this train that is scheduled for departure, Harry is informed by a guard there wasnt one (Rowling 91), thereby leaving the tracks available for magical use and, once again, revealing Rowlings transposition of the magical and muggle worlds. Harrys journey to enrollment is finished when he finally arrives at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. To muggles, the institution appears to be a moldering old ruin with a sign over the entrance warning visitors to stay out. Without imagination this serious would be incomplete. Imagination is the center for it all. Rowling uses her imagination to open up a whole new world for the reader. The world is inconstantistic, but that is what makes the series Harry Potter open up and take a persons imagination to new heights.Dickinson and Rowling are from different time periods, but their ideologies are the same. Both are wrapped up in the Dark Romanticism movement. Rowling uses principles of Dark Romanticism, like imagination and showing how the world is dark and mysterious, today just as Dick inson used back in 1830. J.K. Rowlings series Harry Potter creates an everlasting stamp in a world that is not normal and usual. The mind and imagination is explored to the highest of levels which excites and thrills. For that brief period in time, there is true belief in the unreal and impossible. Without Dark Romanticism or authors like Dickinson, there may never have been Harry Potter.

The Internet A New Medium Of Communication Media Essay

The net profit A New Medium Of parley Media endeavorThe profits allows society to communicate with people of all nationality and ages from every country in the world. It has provided the facilities its users about appreciate like the intelligence activity on the web. Any champion with the skills can view every information on the web, Individuals who post information and use the internet do non need licences or per shedion which is the reason for such subroutine globally. The internet is changing the appearance we communicate but most importantly how we receive and transmit information. The internet is changing media use patterns and the lifestyles of cardinals of people who have bad to rely on it as a source of entertainment, information, and communion. People are discovering this interactive medium, and with it, raw bearings to access information and to communicate with others. The internet is proper increasingly important in the lives of umpteen an(prenominal) people around the world. (Kaye and Medoff, 2001 p.2), I cannot emphasize the importance of the internet as many people not hardly use it to communicate but likewise for businesses either to advertise or to partner up with other businesses for parts of the world.Tim Berners -Lee prepared the World Wide net as a means of sharing scientific information, he wrote the web software as an internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing. The internet comprises various textual matter only resources and the World Wide Web, which presents information in text, graphic, video, and audio formats. It is this burgeoning internet resource that has captured the attention of millions, and since it is also having a great impact on tralatitious pickle media. (Medoff and Kaye, 2001 p.3). Traditional mass media allows a one to many model of communication where an individual can speak once, but to many people, these are broadcast, air telecasting and radio. However the interne t allows a many to one model which is a cross between mass broadcasting and interpersonal communication, this allows people to drive the information they want and to ignore the rest. The ways in which we communicate are via Email and Chat Forums, Email was developed in the early days of the internet and is currently the most popular, efficient and widely used globally mean of communication. It keeps people connected whether for business or pleasure, the boundaries of email use inevitably overlap with our other metaphors for thinking about the information infrastructure. Chat forums allow the exchange of live conversations. Many argue that it is a newfangled mass medium that delivers mass messages to a mass audience of web users, thus following the traditional one-to-many model of communication. For example, each web user who visits the CNN interactive page has access to the same information as everyone else regardless of their personal beliefs, attitudes, or opinions. (Kaye and Medoff, 2001 p.9) on the other hand new technologies are developed in order for individuals to select information. This way the internet is seen as a new interactive medium rather than a mass medium. The internet crosses the boundaries that have traditionally delineated the three modes of communication mass (one to many), interpersonal one to one and computing many to one. By virtue of its nature, the internet allows for all three types of communication, with a fourth communication mode, many to many emerging. The internet is a vehicle for interpersonal communication and interactivity, mass delivered messages, and information storage, processing, and retrieval. It is a true communication phenomenon and one that allows many forms and styles of communication. (Kaye and Medoff, 2001 p.9).The internet changes the way we receive and provide information, we turn to the web for, information, news and entertainment, it is now common for television to be on the web as it call downs ones way of viewing television rather than just using a computer. We now have our favourite shows and news posted on the internet it is set up so if we miss an episode we can always find it online with extras. This has increased the amount of internet users as it is convenient and comfortable. Without the quantify and space constraints that plague traditional media, web authors and designers are free to expand their offerings and produce web-only material and web versions of traditionally delivered fare. The web is exploding with sites that complement traditional offerings but also offer unique meat run aground elsewhere. Electronic magazines and newspapers and online soap operas and talk shows are just a few examples of original content. The web is a unique medium where original and adapted content live locating by side ( Kaye and Medoff, 2001 p.125).There are new means of communicating where the internet and television would work side by side Google TV this new wave of technology is s et to bring together all information, programs, the internet and media. Internet connected applications will form a exchange part of Google TV, application such as twitter and YouTube would play a key part as a communication medium on Google TV. Although many disagree to Google TV as people feel Television is suppose to be at the centre of a home and feel this new existence is rather confusing to the eye, others argue that this new invention would create something new that would bring all ones interest on one screen.The World Wide Web has ushered in a new age of news distribution. Prior to the development of the web, the macrocosm was at mercy of newspaper printing times and regularly plan news programs. Web technology has opened the doors for twenty-four-hour news and for customized reports delivered directly to computer screens at any time of a day. Electronically delivered news has inherent service over printed news in that it can put reports of current regularts on the air as soon as it happens. (Medoff and Kaye, 2001 p.155). People want to know whats departure on in the world and that can now be accessed on the internet, news coverage from brazil can be accessed in China, the distribution of stories globally has kept people connected to parts of the world, People interested in stories such as the war in IRAQ or the shooting at a university in America or England can access it online and go into depth of the stories. Examples of newspapers that can be accessed online New York time, The Times, Guardian and The Sun etc. Broadcasting news such as the BBC also has a website of their own where individuals can access their news from individuals rely on BBC to give them information that could possibly change their lives, harbor and to communicate.Advertisers now Promotion and communication on the web as a way to get the attention from consumers, the four Ps in marketing involves furtherance and promotional efforts beyond purchasing advertising space and r esponding to consumer feedback. The internet has opened ways for disseminating public relations messages to public. Public relations and the internet are twain interactivity and the exchange of ideas, opinions, and information. Interactivity is the common bond between the internet and public relation. The internet provides public relations with a direct link to the public, and the public can in turn interact with public relations agencies and companies public relation departments (Kaye and Medoff, 2001 p.223) Email communication with reporters and the public electronic distribution of news releases via email and web pages. The internet and World Wide Web are the catalysts that set off the explosion of online services, multimedia information, and interactive technology that is changing the way goods and services are publicize and sold to consumers. Advertising on the web is a way to contact users globally. (Medoff and Kaye, 2001 p. 223).The internet is powerful but most importantly a global phenomenon it is the process of communication in the world today that allows activities to be carried out in a knowledgeable and creative way. The internet is part of everyday life as without it one will feel incomplete it is the source of entertainment, information and communication. The internet is the backbone of global computers mediated communication (CMC) it is the network that link up up most computer networks (Castells, 2000 p.375). An example of a global internet phenomenon is Facebook, Facebook is not only a social network used to communicate with others but having 30 million worldwide users it is the largest social networking site with an education focus. The site which features classified advertisements and the exchange of goods and services has allowed users not only to network with friends but also to create links between people and groups with shared interest for them to promote their ideas to others, which has been proven to be an effective business tool examples of the activities that Facebook entails, marketing products, promoting events and connecting with customers/ fans, there is also a new networking site that is proven to almost take over Facebook which is Twitter, twitter is used by everyone to communicate with the world, celebrities use it and we get an update of what they are thinking and even what they are doing we get to meet and communicate with these people over the internet. communion through the web can only be possible with the use of internet. Internet as a global communication network are dominated by individuals and organisation based in countries however globalisation is the force butt joint this, as the process has allowed internet to be a communication and information technology. In late modernity globalisation promotes the general good in any practical sense. The Internet is being used to achieve a great control over globalizing influences and globalised processes of communication in the world today. The int ernet is thus creating new opportunities for developing local sensitivity on a global scale, helping aid to remedy problems of global inequality rather than exacerbate them (Slevin, 2000 p. 212).Another manner of communication, where you can access the internet wirelessly is mobile phones, mobile phones are very popular world wide as they are used by everyone not only to communicate by voice or text messaging but other features like surfing the web on your phone. Wi-Fi technologies bring choice modes of accessing the internet it has provided internet access to mobile phones users in poor countries where the technology is not popular. Horizontal networks of communication and multiple sources of information on a global scale create the possibility of a largely autonomous diffusion and exchange of information, ideas and initiatives. (Castells, 2007 p.258). In the 1990s the internet contributed to the growth of surveillance which then became a Global Sphere. The growth of the internet has provided new opportunities for surveillance where it is seen in the spheres of workplace, military, government and for personal use.To end the internet would forever have an impact in our lives, it would enhance the way we live and communicate to others, and it would enable us to create identities we share with the world. There are thousands of ways to transfer information and data, we have been giving opportunities to create businesses on a global scale, where we can communicate with business owners in other countries that might enhance ones business. With a click of a button one can access anything on the web which is what makes the internet a phenomenal. With the internet changing lives and developing as a form of information society it also plays a role in exposing people especially politicians and celebrities. Cyberspace is changing how we live our lives and one has to be careful especially living in the public eye. It was cyberspace that exposed the scandal about Bill Clin ton the story, posted on the web to audiences, changed how audiences perspective on him, as well as the scandals about tiger Woods which also spiralled over the web, this could be seen as a negative to the internet and what it comes with. Technological change seems to have its own logic, which we may perhaps sound off about or even try to block, but which we appear to be unable to alter fundamentally. (Kitchin, 2001 p.57) they are developed at any one time and placed in accord with a complex set of exciting rules or rational procedures, institutional histories, technical possibilities, and last, but not least, popular desirers (Kitchin, 2001 p.58)..Bibliography/ ReferencingDeibert, R. J. 1997. Parchment, notion and Hypermedia Communication in New World Order Transformation. New York Columbia University Press. Chapter 5Kaye, B. K. and Medoff, N. J. 2001 The World Wide Web A Mass Communication Perspective. London Mayfield.Winston, B. 1998 Media Technology and Society. A History From the Telegraph to the Internet. London Routledge.Bakardjieva, M. 2005. Internet Society The Internet in Everyday Life. London Sage.Castells M, Fernandez- Ardevol M, Linchuan Qiu J and Sey A. 2007. Mobile Communication and Society A Global Perspective.Kitchin, R. 1998 Cyberspace The World in Wires. Chapter 2Websiteshttp//www.rheingold.com/ Howard Rheingoldhttp//www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee Tim Berners-Leehttp//www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/8046801/What-is-Google-TV.htmlhttps//blackboard.le.ac.uk/webapps/ penetration/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1url=/webapps/blackboard/execute/launcher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2878_1%26url%3Dhttps//blackboard.le.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1url=/webapps/blackboard/execute/launcher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2878_1%26url%3Dhttps//blackboard.le.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=coursesurl=/webapps/blackboard/content/contentWrapper.jsp%3Fattachment%3Dtrue%26navItem%3Dcontent%26content_id%3D_561171_1%26course _id%3D_2878_1%26displayName%3Dthe%2Bworld%2Bwide%2Bweb%2Bof%2Bsurveillance%2540%2Bthe%2Binternet%2Band%2Boff%2Bworld%2Bpower%2Bflows.pdf%26href%3D/%2540%2540/AA8A813A99BD4A059CE4EB843F104663/courses/1/MS2007/content/_561171_1/the%252520world%252520wide%252520web%252520of%252520surveillance%252540%252520the%252520internet%252520and%252520off%252520world%252520power%252520flows.pdf

Incentive Schemes for Employees

Incentive Schemes for EmployeesIn this short letter, the management should taking effective measures in organization towards on that point goals of the business. The management substructure apply fol baseing points to overcome this situation in rank to attach productivity and low absenteeism. The following points atomic number 18 disposed below-The reachs should replaced by INCENTIVES-In this situation, the management should premise a quota transcription or perhaps the production pay in which workers argon rewarded by supporting quota or pay more than for superior production. The motivator should provide with pecuniary as well as non-m acetary benefits like incentive, profit-sharing, status, job certification etc.The incentives plan upgrades employees to per build superfluous tasks for this compensation, in addition to their normal workload. An incentives plan costs the employers additional money provided well designed plan leave behind provide greater return by i ncreasing productivity and lowering other costs.INCENTIVES should be linked with PRODUCTIVITY of the employees.The management should launch a performance based plan to enhance the productivity. They introduced performance linked incentive and Halsey premium plan to plus the productivity efficiently.A Performance Linked Incentive is a form of payment from an EMPLOYER to an EMPLOYEE, which is directly related to the performance step forwardput of an employee and which may be stipulate in an employment cont accomplishment. PERFORMANCE LINKED INCENTIVE may either be open cease (does not have a fixed ceiling) or close ended (has an upper ceiling which is norm twainy stipulated in the employment contract)Open ended incentives ar norm whollyy applicable revenue generating activities (e.g., Sales) and Close ended incentives are associated to support functions (e.g., Operation, Human Resources, etc.).Method of calculating PERFORMANCE LINKED INCENTIVE-PLI, by virtue of world sanctified in the employment contract, is paid for objective, measurable and visible results. MBO is the generally used to define the output which determines the payment of Performance linked incentive. Since Performance linked incentive is paid for the results and not barely for the efforts, the objects should be chosen to reflect those activities whose results are visible immediately after the effort.Also, in calculating performance linked incentive, only the performance and not the capableness of the employee should be considered. Potential of the employee is normally subjective and can be contested. Performance linked incentive should be based on metrics which are utterly objective and clearly perceived as fair by both employee and employer.Halsey premium planThis plan is a combination of time and speed age they are on the job(p).- That every worker is paid according to hourly prescribe.- Every worker is paid according to the time he hason the work.- Every worker is given that he ha s to finish the allotted work within the standard time. If he is able to save the time, he will be paid a bonus for the time he has saved. The amount of bonus is 50 percent of time saved.Total Earnings = prison term Taken * Hourly Rate + (Standard Time Time Taken) * Hourly Rate * 50 percentAdvantages of these incentives plansHigher wages for worker and higher profits for the firm.Focus subordinate effortsVariable costs linked to results proceeds those who will perform well.EXAMPLEProductivity incentive scheme for TEA PLUCKERS IN Tamil Nadu.till 1980s workers were paid a fixed rate and small incentive for extra plucking of leavesThis was a constant amount/kg of tea but in due course, the scheme was reined by having two incentive slabsAfter several rounds of negotiations, an agreement was reached in 1990Result-There was a 36 fate improvement in the plucking average.2. The benefits to puckers during the five year period had at peace(p) up by 25 percentages.Salary/wage structures should be re-worked outThe management should pay according to the industrial polity norms so that employees feel that they are being adequately paid. The management provided allowance/wages to them keeping in mind that the minimum wages/ recompense act and all other act should be follow before fixation of salary/wages structure. The management is alike set an appraisal time to time to increase the wage/salary structure so that they can get a completive salary/wages as compared to other industries.For this, the management should follow five steps to determine the salary/wages. This are-Review your own pay practices.Define the jobTrack the completionSet the salary rangeBundle pay and parks.Advantage of fair and straightforward fixation of salary/wages by management-Increase motivation among employers.Increase productivity.Achieving the scratch.There is employees stability.Reduce wastage of manpower planning.HR Personnel Should Be Re-ShuffledThe problem of low productivity and hig her absenteeism showing in that location is Lax HR personnel. So the HR personnel may reshuffled and to promote the culture of hard work to there employees. They can set there rigid rules to there employers in order to avoid the given problems.The management should adopt the right HR practice to increase productivity. The top ten HR practices which should follow in every firm. This are-Safe, Healthy and happy work placeCreating a safe, healthy and happy workplace will ensure that the employees feel homely and stay with the organization for a very long time. Capture their pulse through employee surveys.Open book management counsel of lifeSharing culture about contracts, sales, new clients, management objectives, company policies, employee personal data etc. ensures that the employees are as enthusiastic about the business as the management. Through this open book process you can gradually create a culture of participative management and ignite the creative endeavor of your work deplume It involves making people an interested party to your strategic decisions, thus aligning them to your business objectives. Be as open as you can. It helps in building reliance motivates employees. Employee self service portal, Manager on-line etc. are the tools available today to the management to practice this style.Performance linked bonusPaying out bonuses or having any kind of variable compensation plan can be both an incentive and disillusionment, based on how it is administered and communicated. Bonus must be designed in such a way that people understand that there is no payout unless the company hits a certain level of profitability. Additional criteria could be the teams success and the individuals performance. Never pay out bonus without measuring performance, unless it is a statutory obligation.360 degree performance management feedback programmedThis system, which solicits feedback from seniors (including the boss), peers and subordinates, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. Gone are the days of working hard to impress only one person, now the opinions of all matter, especially if you are in a leadership role (at any level). Every person in the team is responsible for giving relevant, positive and constructive feedback. Such systems also help in identifying leaders for higher level positions in the organization. Senior managers could use this feed back for self developmentFair evaluation system for employeesDevelop an evaluation system that clearly links individual performance to corporate business goals and priorities. Each employee should have well defined reporting relationships. self rating as a part of evaluation process empowers employees. Evaluation becomes fairer if it is based on the records of periodic counseling achievements of the employee, tracked over the year. For higher objectivity, in addition the immediate boss, each employee should be screened by t he next higher level (often called a Reviewer). Cross functional feedback, if obtained by the immediate boss from another manager (for whom this employees work is also important), will add to the fairness of the system. Relative ratings of all subordinates reporting to the same manager are another tool for fairness of evaluation. normalisation of evaluation is yet another dimension of improving fairness.Knowledge sharingAdopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge management supports strategy. caudex knowledge in databases to provide greater access to information post either by the company or the employees on the knowledge portals of the company. When an employee returns after care any competencies or skills development program, sharing essential knowledge with others could be made mandatory. Innovative ideas (implemented at the work place) are good to be posted on these knowledge sharing platforms. However, what to store how to maintain a Knowledge base requires deep th inking to avoid clutter.Highlight performersCreate profiles of top performers and piss these visible though company intranet, display boards etc. It will encourage others to put in their best, thereby creating a competitive environment within the company. If a systems approach is followed to shortlist high performers, you can surely avoid disgruntlements.Open house discussions and feedback mechanismIdeas rule the world. Great organizations recognize, nurture and execute great ideas. Employees are the biggest source of ideas. The only thing that can stop great ideas flooding your organization is the lack of an appropriate mechanism to capture ideas. Open house discussions, employee-management meets, speck boxes and ideas capture tools such as Critical Incidents diaries are the building blocks that can help the Managers to identify develop talent.Reward ceremoniesMerely recognizing talent does not work, you pick out to couple it with ceremonies where recognition is broadcast. Look ing at the Dollar Check is often less significant than listening to the thunderous applause by colleagues in a human beings forum.Delight employees with the unexpectedThe last but not least way is to occasionally delight your employees with unexpected things that may come in the form of a reward, a gift or a well-done certificate. Reward not only the top performers but also a few others who are in need of motivation to exhibit their potential4) If Absenteeism is due to lack of interest by the employees in the job, because they do not see career attainment in the company. The management should started career counseling sessions to generate interest in the job among the employees.5) Leave encashment may be encouraged-Leave encashment refers to that amount due for the employees leave period, depending upon the leaves to his credit and his salary at the time of termination of employment or at the time of encasing his leaves.The encashment can be calculated as- basic +DA (BASIC+DA/26) *NO. OF DAYS)6. A suitable (encouraging competition) promotion policy should be introduced, if not already existingA set of rules guidelines set off by a firm or organization that outlines how employees are to interact with potential customers in the promotion of a good or service. The promotion policy helps the company keep control of the contentedness it is sending about the good or service, as well as to dictate appropriate actions that employees can claim when dealing with outside personnel. For example, a pharmaceutical company could have a promotion policy that its field representatives must adhere to when they meet with doctors to promote a drug.The firm can adopt various types of promotional activity to increase there productivity.There are a numerous ways to promote there goods and service. Sometime in big organization may adopt a various types of sales strategies to increase there goods and service. These are-ContestsContests are a oftentimes used promotional strategy. Many contests dont even require a purchase. The idea is to promote your brand and put your logo and name in front of the public rather than make money through a hard-sell campaign. People like to win prizes. Sponsoring contests can bring attention to your product without company overtones.sociable MediaSocial media websites such as Face book and Google+ offer companies a way to promote products and services in a more relaxed environment. This is direct marketing at its best. Social networks connect with a world of potential customers that can view your company from a different perspective. Rather than seeing your company as difficult to sell something, the social network can see a company that is in touch with people on a more personal level. This can help lessen the divide between the company and the buyer, which in turn presents a more appealing and familiar image of the company.Mail Order marketingCustomers who come into your business are not to be overlooked. These customers have already decided to purchase your product. What can be helpful is getting personal information from these customers. Offer a free product or service in ex win over for the information. These are customers who are already familiar with your company and represent the target audience you want to market your new products to.Product GiveawaysProduct giveaways and allowing potential customers to sample a product are methods used often by companies to introduce new food and household products. Many of these companies sponsor in-store promotions, giving away product samples to entice the buying public into trying new products.Point-of-Sale advance and End-Cap MarketingPoint-of-sale and end-cap marketing are ways of selling product and promoting items in stores. The idea behind this promotional strategy is convenience and impulse. The end cap, which sits at the end of aisles in grocery stores, features products a store wants to promote or move quickly. This product is positioned so it is easily accessible to the customer. Point-of-sale is a way to promote new products or products a store needs to move. These items are placed near the checkout in the store and are often purchased by consumers on impulse as they wait to be checked out.Customer Referral Incentive ProgramThe customer referral incentive program is a way to encourage current customers to refer new customers to your store. Free products, big discounts and cash rewards are some of the incentives you can use. This is a promotional strategy that leverages your customer base as a sales force.Causes and CharityPromoting your products season supporting a cause can be an effective promotional strategy. Giving customers a sense of being a part of something larger simply by using products they might use anyway creates a win/win situation. You get the customers and the socially certain image customers get a product they can use and the sense of helping a cause. One way to do this is to give a percentage of prod uct profit to the cause your company has committed to helping.Branded Promotional GiftsGiving away functional branded gifts can be a more effective promotional move than handing out simple business cards. Put your business card on a magnet, ink pen or hear chain. These are gifts you can give your customers that they may use, which keep your business in plain sight rather than in the trash or in a drawer with other business cards the customer may not look at.Customer Appreciation EventsAn in-store customer appreciation event with free refreshments and threshold prizes will draw customers into the store. Emphasis on the appreciation part of the event, with no purchase of anything necessary, is an effective way to draw not only current customers but also potential customers through the door. Pizza, hot dogs and soda are inexpensive food items that can be used to make the event more attractive. fit up convenient product displays before the launch of the event will ensure the products you want to promote are highly visible when the customers arrive.After-Sale Customer SurveysContacting customers by telephone or through the mail after a sale is a promotional strategy that puts the importance of customer satisfaction first while leaving the door open for a promotional opportunity. Skilled salespeople make survey calls to customers to gather information that can later be used for marketing by asking questions relating to the way the customers feel about the products and services purchased. This serves the dual purpose of promoting your company as one that cares what the customer thinks and one that is always melodic line to provide the best service and product.7) Training programmers should be started with a motivational approach-The management should provide planning for overall performance of employees in order to get work affiance. In order to grow a business, employees and managers need to be trained in motivational sales techniques. Motivational sales traini ng teaches participants how to use different skills, approaches and techniques to motivate people to purchase the product or service being offered. Without continual training, salespeople can become dependent on one particular selling approach, which can limit their sales results. Use motivational sales training to continually challenge and sharpen employees abilities to sell.8) TRADE UNION good deal union is an organization that consists of workers and it is formed to protect its members from those forces that could harm their interests. These forces could be the employers or management, the state or the government or any other agency set as such. This could be, broadly speaking a simple description of trade unions and it contains the basic idea of what trade unions are.In case there is no union, or the union is not strong enough, some employees who are top absentees or least productive may be shunted out to send a message or signal to the other employee to come to terms. The mana gement should form the trade union on behalf of workers so that the workers should feel to the organization. They can feel free to meet there demand through union leader. If there is no trade union than workers are not meet there expectation and afterwards they De-Motivated and hence productivity will tend to decrease.Benefits of trade unionsa) Increase productivity Unions help build high-trust workplaces where workers are healthier, better expert and more able to resolve grievances all of which lead to a more committed and productive workforce. Unions can also help maintain productivity during periods of employer innovation by providing ways of consulting with workers over change and reducing the chances of staff resistance.b) Save money. Early identification of problems in the workplace can lead to significant savings, for example by reducing the costs employers shell as a result of accidents, ill health and staff turnover. Unions also have a strong record of working with e mployers to identify efficiencies and cost savings- both employers and employees have a shared interest in business success.c) Provide access to learning and skills Helping members to access education and training is a draw priority for unions. Research shows that union recognition has a consistently positive effect on the amount and range of training that is provided to employees.2 In turn, higher skilled employees bring productivity benefits for employers.d) Ensure workplaces are safe-. Union representatives help to lower accident rates at work by ensuring safe working practices and reducing stress-related ill health caused by, for example, working long hours, being bullied or working in poor quality environments. Evidence shows that unionized workplaces are safer workplaces1 which has the added benefit for employers of significantly reducing the costs of ill health and accidents. To lower accident rates at work of significantly reducing the costs of ill health and accidents. t o lower accident rates at work by ensuring safe working practices and reducing stress-related ill health caused by, for example, working long hours, being bullied or working in poor quality environments. Evidence shows that unionized workplaces are safer workplaces1 which has the added benefit for employers of significantly reducing the costs of ill health and accidents.9) Social security provide by management-The national commission of labor(2002) opines that in the Indian context, social security may be defined a all types of measures consisting of preventive, promotional or protective depending on whether they are designed toprevent deprivation(preventive measure)assure everyone of basic minimum income which would be adequate for meeting the basic needs of oneself ones family or dependants( promotional measures)protect income against loss or diminution due to the occurrence of any contingency including sickness(protective measure)The management should provide all social security to there employers such as-social assistancesocial insurancemajor acts to serve better to the interest of workers like-1) Employees state insurance act, 1948.2) Maternity benefits act (1961)3) Employees thrifty funds act, 19524) The payment of gratuity act, 1971

The Role of Railroad Companies, Farmers, and Cowboys in the Development

The 1880s proved to be a time of change for America. High unemployment rates and low wages in umpteen cities forced many to look to new opportunities in cities and elsewhere. This included the newly expanded west. In the 1880s Kansas had common chord dominating groups- railroad companies, farmers, and cowboys. All three dealt with individual triumphs and struggles when developing the West and specifically Kansas in the later part of the 19th century. Railroads spent most of the 1880s concerned with previous legislation, farmers worried roughly land allotment and surviving on the Plains. Cowboys also worried about land allotment and surviving. The worries of the last two created some tension between them however in the end survival of one depended on the survival of the other. Insuring their place in history, the three groups together made the expansion of the West possible and always changed the face of Kansas. The 1880s was a time of substantial change for Kansas and railroads, which were very important to the development of Kansas. As many historians say rails didnt instal Kansas City, but they carried almost everything that did (Worley 1). While most of the legislation that affected the railroads had taken place at some point prior to this time period, it was now culmination full swing and affecting the settlers now. In May of 1854, the Kansas- Nebraska Act was passed. Although mostly known for repealing the Missouri Compromise it also gave the railroads the right to build a railroad system from Chicago to the Pacific Coast (Kansas- Nebraska Act 1). With this new access to land, railroad companies began building cross-country railroads. New settlers and merchants knew that railroads were the up and climax mode of transportation and a vit... ... University of Chicago Press,1988.Miner, Craig. West of Wichita. University Press of Kansas, 1986.Nelson, Oliver. The Cowmans Southwest. Glendale, CA The Arthur H Clark Company,1957.19th Century Legal Treatise. A letter from Honorable William Whiting to Honorable Henry Wilson, of the U.S. of senate ) microform showing that the government is bound to fulfil in good faith its contract with the Central BranchUnion Pacific R.R. Company. majuscule U.S. Government Printing Office, 1870. Ostler, Jeffrey. The Rhetoric of Conspiracy and The Formation of Kansas Populism. Agricultural History1995 69 (1) 1-27.Populist Platform of 1892. Online. Internet 30, June 1998.White, Richard. Its Your Misfortune and None of My Own. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.Worley, William Dr. Online. KC Railroads Timeline. Internet.

Public Opinion and Television Essay -- Mass Media Danger Essays

Public Opinion and Television The paper explores how dangerous much(prenominal) an important mass media as TV can be, if in addition many power is concentrated in just a few hands, and how our perception of reality can be manipulated by the selection and manipulation of tuition presented on TV.IntroductionThe following term paper deals with the development of television from its early beginnings in the 1920s up to now. My attention focuses on the powers which influence what is shown on TV and the analysis of methods they use in order to manipulate the public opinion. Outlining the success story of this important means of mass media at the beginning of the prototypical chapter, I pull up stakes then explain the effects of globalisation on the TV market. Considering the example of commercialised American television, I will demonstrate in which ways the extreme competition between TV companies and their struggle for the top ratings has influenced the quality of TV programs. In the second chapter I will deal with media project and show how television can be abused by political powers in order to direct the public opinion. After describing the general effects of such influences I will finally return to the example of America and analyse the social and political effects of Rupert Murdochs media monopoly in the Unites States. Finally I will explain the methods of mass manipulation employed by his Fox News Channel, which are outlined in Robert Greenwalds film OUTFOXED. Neil Postmans phonograph recording Amusing ourselves to death, Noam Chomskys pamphlet Media Control as well as Klaus Plakes Handbuch der Fernsehforschung were important sources of ideas and quotations for my work.1.The development of televisionDuring the nineteenth century the industrial revolution, the formation of new nations and the development of infrastructure and traffic had strong effects on society. Travelling became much easier and cheaper while the means of transportation became faster and faster. up to now the media had to adapt to the growing spatial mobility of the people and so the challenge was to find a new mean of communication which was able to make information usable wherever you are. First scientific steps towards an electronic media were made at the end of the nineteenth century, when Guglielmo Marconi invented the transmitting antenna, which made primitive forms... ...rder Unterhaltungsindustrie. Fischer Verlag/Frankfurt/M.Internet SourcesBurnheim, sallying forth (2003/November 30) Freedom of Expression Case law under European convention on Human Rights. The Daily Star. Law & Rights section. Online.2005, Jan. 24http//www.thedailystar.net/law/200311/05/ Perger, Roman (2000/August 25) Auf in den Brgerkrieg. Die Zeit. Politics section. Online. 2005, Jan. 25 http//www.zeus.zeit.de/text/archiv/2000/38/200038_dreiweise.xml Sorkin, Andrew and Fabrikant, Geraldine (2005/January 10) Murdoch to Buy Rest of Foxfor $7 Billion .New York Times. Bussiness section . Online. 2005, Jan. 18 http//query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA081FFF345D0C738DDDA80894DD404482&incamp=archivesearchWorm, Alfred (2001/ certify 31) Dritte Phase. Message Magazine. Austria Archive.Online. 2005, Jan. 25http//www.message-online.de/arch3_01/31_worm.html FilmGreenwald, Robert (2004) Outfoxed. California Productions, Inc./USAOther sourcesSkull, Steven (2003) (2003) Misperceptions, the Media and the Iraq War An Independent Survey on Media Impartiality. PIPA/Knowledge Networks/Maryland

The 20th centurys 3 greatest composers Essay -- Stravinsky Copland

The 20th centurys 3 Greatest Composers The 20th century has watched many musicians break through their generations bounds of normality to creat a completely new music. Musicians who initiated revolutions so grandiose that the impactlike an earthquakes aftershockswould reverberate for decades and influence scores of musicians to come. Such influences can be traced back to three specific composers. Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, and Nadia Boulanger the triumvirate of 20th century music.Igor Stravinsky, remains the centurys most(prenominal) shocking and versatile composer. Born in Russia in 1882, Stravinsky enjoyed a musically wealthy childhood. He was the son of a famous opera singer and well-educated in piano performance and harmony/counterpoint. His parents sent him to St. Petersburg University to bear a Criminal Law/Legal Philosophy degree. While attending school, Stravinsky befriended a young man whose father, Rimsky-Korsokav, later developed a special parity for Strav inksys music (Nousiainen). Because Stravinsky was not schooled in traditional techniques, Rimsky-Korsakov advised him to continue private harmony and counterpoint lessons, rather than attend a formal conservatory. Rimsky-Korsakov, prof at such an institution, thought the rigorous atmosphere might overwhelm and discourage the young composer (Walsh). Despite this lack of formal training, Stravinsky created some of the 20th centurys most profound pieces. The Rite of Spring, Stravinskys most notable music contribution, was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev for the Ballets Russes. For readers unfamiliar with the ballet, Rite choreographs the story of an ancient tribes surrender of an adolescent virgin whom, in order to save the Earth,... ... of you. What an impression you have left with the music-lovers around the world (Letter). This impact is Nadia Boulanger remains the most significant figure of 20th century music. FOOTNOTES1 This abstract sketch was Stravinskys response w hen author, Robert Craft, asked him to draw his music.The drawing is comparable to the abstract nature of Stravinskys compositions (Craft).2The phrase Appalachian Spring was first coined by poet Hart Crane.Martha Graham copied his words for her ballets already-finished score, which, until then, Copland had modestly titled Ballet for Martha3 Tanglewood is a premier music honorary society founded by Boston Symphony director, Serge Koussevitsky, in 1940.His goal was to provide a place for budding musicians to study with orchestra musicians and other world class artists