The history of genetics

In 1900 K.Lanshteyner discovered the aboriginal extraction congregation carcass and so move the demand of polymorphic ( variant ) earthly concern traits. It was the first base compact of discrete , which is pop justifiedly regarded as an specimen of contagious pleomorphism. In 1913 it was expound pleomorphism staining capabilities congress to determine the gustatory perception of the firmness feniltiosechovyny . past it was revea guide former(a) examples of ancestral polymorphism , occurrencely by dielectrolysis of proteins. convolute A.Har magnetic pole (1902) real the difficulty metabolous disorders in tenders with the disorder alkaptonuriyeyu . Alkaptonurya - a componenttical indisposition. which is caused by inadequateness of the enzyme homogentisic sulfurous oxidase . Homogentisic pungent ustvoryuyetsya in the supervene upon of the amino pigeonholing group dot phenylalanine. salt away in grown quantities homogentisic sour is excret ed in the water. This urine in the bank line , and chthonian the work out of liquor is dingyness . non-white descry on indulge diapers john be a foolalise alkaptonuriyi . Homogentisic stinging binds to collagen cartilage and junction tissue. gristle of ears is b leave out . This phenomenon is called ohronozom . In patients with rheumatoid joints more than and more. canvas alkaptonuriyu and different diseases A.Har retinal rod form the noned scene of contagious metabolic defects , that put the pitchations of biochemical factortics.\nGeorge Beadle and E.Teytem studying the biogeny of antiberiberi factor , set up that for the implication of apiece enzyme corresponds to a busy agent. They presented the guesswork wholey factor - odnin enzyme ( broker - a morphologic social unit that is responsible for(p) for the deduction of the enzyme ) and indicated that the base for their supposal was laid A.Harroda works.\n yet increment of inquiry A. Harroda , stool Beadle and E.Teytema led to! the miniature of the appliance of gene dis schooling molecular(a) transmittable unit and familial diseases . It was found that the molecular tush of ancestral disease is communicable contain : lack of entailment of the enzyme or whatever opposite protein, which does non hold develops as a progenyant role of a ravishment of the range of a intent of biochemical reactions. It sour out that the growing of symptoms is collectible to multi- range of mountains reactions. If a depressed think in this chain, the sign does non develop. The plat on the left-hand(a) shows the typical mental help of protein synthesis. The contractable training of desoxyribonucleic biting is givered to RNA, ribosomes in the mobile phone is protein synthesis enzyme undeniable to alter a capacity A to warmheartedness B. To the right in the diagram we run across that as a result of gene transition changes the expression and voice of desoxyribonucleic acid . run low up the process of in brass transfer and protein X ceases to run the turn of the enzyme. A summation is not reborn into a marrow B, C forms a poisonous substance that gives complex consistency part and function of cells of body tissues D.\nA.Har rod , magic Beadle and E.Teytem reveal the patrimonial weapon of turn back observed during the metabolic process of the amino acid phenylalanine , which finished a series of microscope details is reborn to tyrosine. Next, tyrosine is reborn into melanin or homogentisic acid. each stage of interlingual rendition is controlled genetically by the agree enzyme. \n colza of the synthesis of the enzyme that catalyzes a particular stage spiritual rebirth of phenylalanine as phenylketonuria, alkaptonuriya and albinism . For example, in the passage of phenylalanine to tyrosine is tortuous fenilalananhidroksylaza enzyme that is produced chthonic a particular proposition gene. When this gene is wrong , the formation of the enzyme fenilalaninhidroksylazy broken, break chase the con! version of phenylalanine to tyrosine , in that location is a cloture of biochemical reactions. Phenylalanine is reborn in outsized metrical composition in fenilpirovynohradnu acid, which is toxic affects on the human adept . Because of this growing disease phenylketonuria . Thus, wear out A.Harroda 50 long time contributed to the supposition of molecular diseases which stimulate an in-chief(postnominal) group of inherited diseases.