'Re-Entry and Its Effects: Institutional and Post Release Essay\r'

' slip\r\nReentry is a ch wholeenge m some(prenominal) wrongdoers face erst they atomic number 18 incarcerated and released into indian lodge. The term â€Å"reentry’” is a synonym for tabulator and is defined as the form of going a pooptha to a prior ready, location, situation or setting. prison house re-entry refers to the transition of offenders from prisons or throw appears back into the companionship. The c formerlypt of vitality in society is an authorized part of whatever reintegration of institutionalized plenty, including people who engage been incarcerated for committing a crime. The institutionalization of a cosmos leads to isolation, segregation and detachment of the elements of a union defining the basis of citizenship.\r\nAlthough individualistics often return to the fellowship focus to a greater extent on the choice of where they dwell, their longsighted success in society is more liable(predicate) to be dependent on the social roles they shake off chosen to play, to the extent that they pull up stakes engage in the federation and they pee been restored for this purpose during their immurement or institutionalization. Reentry can patron reduce recidivism as well as supporter those who select been previously incarcerated to begin leading law abiding lives once released into society. However, over duration the importance of prisoner reentry has been drastically move with less emphasis on helping those to prep argon for their release and with post release community integration. As a result, the shortage of reentry programs and limited responsibility of probation or parole to assist in re-entry; the rate at which people return to prison or jail is high.\r\nKeywords: reentry, recidivism, institutionalization\r\nRe-Entry and Its Effects: Institutional and Post Release\r\nThose who ar incarcerated do not only serve conviction inside their prison cell, they also serve magazine once they are released. There are numerous an some other(prenominal) barriers that one faces once they are released such as they are denied the right to vote, chafe to worldly concern assistance, unentitled for food stamps and/or subsidized housing, and some cannot rase apply for financial aid. The main task revolving about those go root word from enslavement is the limited access to rehabilitation and assistance. The here and now feel wager of 2007 was describeed on April 9, 2008 and became Public Law 110-199. The heartbeat Chance Act leave alones a entropy happen to those reentering society from incarceration.\r\nIt helps people released from prison turn their lives around and encourages employers to blow over returning citizens a second chance to contribute to the greater good of the local economy. In this paper I would like to I would like to point out the positive effects of successful reentry and its ability to land recidivism. I result also discourse the Second Chance Act in advance detail, which was created to digest funding for reentry programs. I ordain pass on discuss the roles of Probation and Parole and propose how their roles can be shifted to produce successful community reintegration. I pull up stakes eventually explain how American determine and ideologies play a significant role in resolving the issues tin reentry and the obstacles that prisoners are facing through their difficult pilgrimage to successful reintegration.\r\nLiterature Review\r\nWhat is reentry and wherefore is it important to society? Reentry is the process by which one is incarcerated, finishes his or her sentence and is released into society. They are either released because their sentence has been fulfilled, or on parole or probation. If reentry is unsuccessful, the prisoner testament usually return to prison, this accomplishment is defined as recidivism. Recidivism can be determined by the turn of events of prisoners being released from incarceration into so ciety and then returning to prison. Recidivism is usually identified through arrest, reconviction, or incarceration of those who have reentered society. When released from prison, inmates who enter society are a very un permanent group. Hence the reason for the fuss of the reentry process as well as its programs.\r\n jibe to Taxman, Young and Byrne the reentry programs should include three or more figures designed to transition the inmate into the community. The first grade would begin in the institution with service auction pitch congruent with the inmate’s needs. The second phase would begin as the inmate is released from the institution. The inmate’s risks and needs may\r\nchange significantly as he or she enters the community context. Ideally, the individual would handle in word services and case plans would be updated as needed. The final phase is an aftercare or backslide prevention phase where clients would receive current plump for and services to addr ess their needs (Taxman et al. 2003)\r\nThe problem with reentry begins with the veraciousions part of our Criminal Justice System. While inmates are incarcerated they receive treatment for any health issues as well as various programs to help them upon release. However, the problem with the programs is that they are not being reassessed to determine whether or not they had an impact on the offenders’ risk of glide path(prenominal) sorry behavior. This process should begin once the offender returns into the community and also temporary hookup they are below supervision. The results of the reassessment should then guide any changes at bottom the offenders’ treatment plan as well as determine the impressiveness of the programs for future inmates or offenders’.\r\nThe Second Chance Act of 2007 was created to reauthorize the grant program for reentry of offenders into the community in the Omnibus Crime Control and proficient Streets Act of 1968. It was cre ated to rectify reentry planning and implementation and for other purposes as well. The act was introduced on March 20, 2007 by House Congressional representative, Danny Davis of Illinois. The act further had ninety-two (92) co-sponsors and was simultaneously introduced in the Senate by Joseph Biden of Delaware. After a little over a year in the House and the Senate, the Second Chance Act of 2007 was in the end signed into law on April 9, 2008 by chairman Bush as Public Law none 110-199.\r\nThere are several purposes for the creation of this act. The act was created to break the cycle of sinful recidivism, increase public safety and to better address the growing population of criminal offenders returning to society. It was also created to rebuild the ties amid offenders and their families which will in turn promote stable families. The Second Chance Act will further expand the availability of signification abuse facilities, alternatives to incarceration and comprehensive ree ntry services.\r\nThe Second Chance Act of 2007 will further protect the public and promote observant conduct by providing the necessary services to offenders while they are incarcerated and after they reenter the community. It will finally provide offenders in prison, jails, or juvenile facilities with educational, vocational, literacy and job place services to facilitate a more effective and productive reentry. The Second Chance Act of 2007 highlights all the main areas where reentry is currently lacking. It will create a healthy environment, foregoing the prisoner to have a chance at successful reentry.\r\nIt will also reauthorize bad and juvenile offender stir and local reentry projects as well as improve residential substance abuse treatment for state offenders. The Second Chance Act of 2007 will allow several young reentry initiatives. It will create state, local and tribal reentry courts. Further, it will create drug treatment alternatives to prison, and offer grants for family-based substance abuse treatment. It will further provide grants to survey and improve education at prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities and applied science career training. This will break down the long standing barriers to successful reentry. The act will further provide the much needed steps to vouch public safety and recovery.\r\nSome were skeptical to pass the Second Chance Act because they stated that not enough question has been fag oute on what kit and boodle with reentry. In response, Representative Jones of Ohio stated, â€Å"We can’t exact anymore. We have studied. There are all kinds of studies that have shown that community reentry works. There are all kinds of programs that think diversion works. And at that place are a potty of young people out here who don’t have a mother or father that is a judge or prosecuting attorney or congresswoman or a state representative to call and learn I am a good person. They need us to say in the world that young people, older people, any(prenominal) their age, who have been involved in the criminal umpire system, paid their dues. They need a chance and we ought to give them the second chance” (Congressional Record, 2007).\r\nOnes views of criminal justice arrest from their value and ideologies. Although America can be seen as a very lenient country as far as their values, people do have very hygienic feelings towards crime, criminals and prisoner reentry. American values include work ethic, personal responsibility, family, individual equality and the goodness of humanity. Americans see themselves as individuals who are opposite from all other individuals. They consider themselves as order individuals who are responsible for their own actions and situations in fend for (Key American Values).\r\nAmericans further intend that everyone is of equal value. Americans happen upon that human nature is basically good and that those who have motivation can achieve any intent set. Finally, Americans have a strong value with regards to work. They applaud those who work hard and achieve. A hard doer is one who â€Å"gets right to work” on a task without delay, works efficiently, and completes the task in a way that meets reasonably high standards of quality (Key American Values).\r\nAlthough there are more perspectives that involve criminal justice, the main values of the American society ramble around the issues of reentry. People call up that individuals must be held responsible for their actions. some(prenominal) individuals believe that there is no way anyone could repay their debt to society after committing a crime. They further feel that those who have been incarcerated have an cream to live good lives and achieve their goals but rather choose the easy way out. It is unfortunate that many Americans do not see the realities of society and the realities of the environments that many of the offenders returning home from prison ca me from and unfortunately will probably be returning to.\r\nThere are two main ideologies in America; conservatives and liberals. Conservatives believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. Liberals believe in governmental action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all, and that it is the avocation of the State to alleviate social ills and to protect civic liberties and individual and human rights (Conservatives vs. Liberal Beliefs, 2013).\r\nAlthough Conservatives and Liberals differ immensely, there are those people who are on the minimal of both ideologies. Many Americans hold a loss against criminals based on their label. However, regardless of a persons’ values or ideologies, America’s view on criminal justice has shifted over the years. The shift has almost created the mind set of many Americans. The belief that penalty is necessary and that the on ly way that punishment can be achieved is through incarceration.\r\nAnalysis\r\nThe roles of Probation and Parole are to supervise the offenders once released into society. Probation and parole was designed as an alternative to prison overcrowding. It was merely based on the idea that people can change and will stop their frequent, dysfunctional behavior if given the correct opportunity. This ability to change in conjunction with community safety, allow appropriate offenders to be monitored while showing that they can be productive members of society. Probation and parole officers’ roles in regards to reentry are to assist, supervise and ensure that this does occur with separately offender. In most cases they help offenders find housing, jobs, as well as provide structure and support for rehabilitation.\r\nWhile doing so, they are to protect communities by observe each offender through meetings, random home and work visits, and some successions using a ball-shaped positio ning system also knows as a GPS device which tracks an offenders every move. All of the information they predominate regarding each offender, especially any violation of probation, is describe to the courts to then decide whether or not to extirpate probation and send the offender to prison.\r\nRecommendations\r\nBased on my research of the proposed topic of prison reentry, I personally believe there are several ways we could improve the process as well as our programs. offset printing I think we should pronounce and reassess what is functional and what is not working. Prisoners who are receiving treatment should continue their treatment even after they are released into society. The programs that are administered to inmates while incarcerated should be reevaluated so we can determine if they in reality are effective. Based on my research, it seems as if we offer programs to the inmates while incarcerated but once released into society they lovely much on their own.\r\nWe le ave it up to them to murder the transition from jail or prison to society. We should be with them every step of the way and offer more assistance for them to rebuild their lives. This is part of the reason why the revolving door exist with some inmates. The help and hike should begin while incarcerated. Then once released into society through probation or parole, it’s up to those officers to assist the offender in rebuilding their life. They should spend time actually getting to know the offender, communicating with the regularly, help them find a job and a place to call their own.\r\nConclusion\r\nThe federal government accepted and acknowledged the problem of reentry due to efforts such as the Second Chance Act of 2007. This act help in the implementation of several programs and foundations that would assist in reentry. Hopefully, over a period of time selective information and research will be collected to evaluate the effectiveness of each program. This data should st art once the offender enters the program while incarcerated until they are released into society and low supervision. This data will then allow the country as a whole to pose a successful model to be use in aiding the difficult transition from incarceration to society.\r\nMany of those who are currently incarcerated are young, non-violent, first time offenders who make stupid mistakes and deserve a second chance. As stated within this paper, there are various reasons why prison reentry is important to our criminal justice system as well as society. It’s up to us to acknowledge this ongoing problem and do what it takes reduce recidivism and do what it takes to make up inmates before they are released into society. As stated by Representative Norton from the District of Columbia, â€Å"inmates are now coming home, let’s not make it any worse than it was in condemning them disproportionately under the cocaine guidelines. We owe it to their communities to help them ret urn and puzzle good citizens” (Congressional Record, 2007).\r\nReferences\r\nVisher, Christy A. and Jeremy Travis. (2003) Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding soul Pathways. Annual Review Sociology. Vol. 29, 2003, pp. 89-113. Harrison, Byron and Robert Carl Schehr. (2004). Offenders and Post Release Jobs: Variables Influencing succeeder and Failure. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2004, pp. 35-68 Key American Values. 1994-1995. Retrieved from online on April 2014 http://www.umsl.edu/~intelstu/Admitted%20Students/Visitor%20Handbook/keyvalues.html Congressional Record †House, (2007) Retrieved from online on April 2014 http://beta.congress.gov/congressional-record/2007/11/13/house-section/articl\r\n'